MedWatcher Quick Facts
- Causes: Autoimmune reaction that leads to an overactive thyroid gland
- Symptoms: Palpitations, weight loss, increased appetite
- Treatment: drug therapy, radioiodine therapy, surgery
What causes Graves' disease?
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland and causes it to produce too much thyroxine. This hormone speeds up the metabolism and leads to the well-known symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is important to understand the causes in order to recognize the treatment options and better manage the disease.
Symptoms of Graves' disease
The symptoms can vary from person to person, but are often very distressing. These include palpitations, weight loss despite an increased appetite, sweating, tremors and more. In contrast to non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease in severe cases leads to the typical protrusion of the eyeballs (bulging eyes, known as exophthalmos) and an externally visible enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre), which can lead to difficulty swallowing and shortness of breath due to pressure on the larynx and oesophagus. Early detection and the right treatment can help to improve the quality of life of affected people.
Diagnosis and treatment of Graves' disease
The diagnosis is usually made by means of a blood test in which the levels of thyroid hormones and specific autoantibodies are determined. Ultrasound and scintigraphy are also used to differentiate it from the non-auto-immune form of hyperthyroidism. There are various approaches to treatment, including drug therapy, radioiodine therapy and, in severe cases, surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
Living with Graves' disease
Even though Graves' disease is a chronic illness, modern treatments make it possible to lead a largely normal life. With the right therapy and support, sufferers can cope well with the disease and lead a fulfilling life.
Graves' disease is a serious but treatable condition. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for good life management with this disease.
